It is not possible to say what causes liver cancer in a single person. We do know there are some features that are more common in people who develop liver cancer. These features are called ”risk factors”.
But it is usually hard to be sure whether a risk factor contributed to the development of the cancer. And having one or more risk factors for liver cancer does not mean that someone will develop this cancer. In fact, many people with liver cancer have no obvious risk factors.
Some factors can even lower your risk of developing liver cancer.
Risk factors for liver cancer you can change:
- being overweight
- drinking alcohol
- tobacco smoking
- having diabetes
- hepatitis B (hep B) infection
- hepatitis C (hep C) infection
These lifestyle factors and infections can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, which happens when the liver is damaged or scarred by liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Cirrhosis of the liver is a risk factor for liver cancer.
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is spread between people by body fluids. Hepatitis B can lead to liver damage and liver cancer. If you're not sure if you've been tested or immunised for hepatitis B before, ask your doctor for a free test. The test is simple and can tell you if you have contracted hepatitis B, or if you need immunisation to protect you.
Hepatitis C is a disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. Like hepatitis B, it can infect and damage the liver. If hepatitis C is not treated, it can lead to liver failure or liver cancer. There is no immunisation for hepatitis C.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C can be treated with medicines that reduce your risk of liver cancer. These medicines are available from Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) or your local doctor.
Risk factors for liver cancer you can’t change:
- getting older
- Being male – men are 3 times more likely to be diagnosed with liver cancer than women.
- family history of liver cancer
- haemochromatosis.
Haemochromatosis is a condition passed on through bloodlines. It causes the body to absorb and store too much iron. In some cases of haemochromatosis, the extra iron can lead to organ damage.